A Clarification Of Doubts Regarding The Dhikr Of Allaah
" There is no doubt that the adhkaar and supplications are from the best forms of worship. Worship is built upon tawqeef [sticking to what the texts state] and ittibaa [following]... "
alhamdulillaah was salaatu was salaamu alaa nabiyyinaa wa habeebinaa muhammad
as salaam u alaikum
1. Performing dhikr is an action of worship, as such it is to be done in the manner enjoined by the Sharee`ah and it is not allowed to invent new methods of performing it.
Shaykh al-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah said, "there is no doubt that the adhkaar and supplications are from the best forms of worship. Worship is built upon tawqeef [sticking to what the texts state] and ittibaa [following]...
Therefore it is not allowed for anyone to legislate new adhkaar and supplications and take them as actions of worship that the people must constantly perform just as they constantly perform the five daily prayers. Rather this is innovating into the religion that which Allaah has not given permission for. However if a person were to supplicate with these new supplication on occasion and individually without making this supplication a sunnah for the people then this would not be an innovation. As for the one who takes to a formula of dhikr (wird) that has not been legislated and makes this to be a sunnah to be followed then this is from those things that are forbidden.
Not only this but the legislated supplications and adhkaar contain all the correct goals and all the lofty intentions that a person could ever require and no one but an ignoramus or an extremist would turn away from these and recourse to these newly invented adhkaar. As for what is reported from the Prophet (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam) with regards to what is performed after the obligatory prayers then this is the well known adhkaar that can be found in the Saheehs, the Musnads and other books of hadeeth. As for the Imaam and the followers supplicating in congregation after the obligatory prayers then this is a bid`ah that did not exist at the time of the Prophet (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam), indeed his supplication used to be within the prayer. This is because the one who is praying is discoursing with his Lord and supplicating at this time would be most fitting, as for supplicating after completing the prayer and the discourse with his Lord then this is not the most fitting time to supplicate." [Majmoo` Fataawaa (22/510,595)]
2. The general course with dhikr is that it be said quietly. The least meaning of 'quietness' is that one says the dhikr such that the words reach his ears as stated by Imaam an-Nawawee and others. It is also allowed to perform dhikr in an audible voice but not a loud voice. The proof for this lies with the saying of Allaah,
"And perform the dhikr of your Lord in your very soul with humility and without loudness in words in the mornings and evenings and do not be of those who are unheedful." [al-A`raaf (7):205]
The salaf and mufassireen differed about what this verse refers to, some saying that it refers to the prayers, others that it refers to supplication and others that it refers to dhikr in general. However they all agreed that
the intent behind the verse was to point out that one should not be loud when performing dhikr as a general principle.
Refer to the tafseers of: at-Tabaree, al-Qurtobee, ibn Katheer, al-Baghawee, ash-Shawkaanee, as-Samaa`aanee and as-Sa`dee.
In fact at-Tabaree quotes the following narrations:
a) Ibn Zayd said about this verse, "do not do so loudly"
b) Mujaahid said, "they have been commanded to perform His dhikr within themselves with humility"
c) Ibn Juraih said, "...it is detested to raise the voice and shout when performing supplication"
Al-Qurtobee states that meaning of "without loudness in words" is "meaning such that only you can hear your words as Allaah said, 'neither say your prayer loudly nor in a low voice but seek a middle course' [al-Israa (17):110]. This proves that raising ones voice (in dhikr) is prohibited based on what has been previously discussed in a number of places."
Ibn Katheer said, "this is how it is recommended to perform dhikr – that it not be like a call or very loud."
3. As for the saying of Allaah,
"So when you have accomplished your holy rites, celebrate the praises of Allaah, as you used to celebrate the praises of your fathers,- indeed, with far more Heart and soul." [al-Baqarah (2):200]
Then al-Baghawee and as-Sa`dee state that the meaning of 'aw ashadda dhikraa' is that this dhikr be performed more frequently and with more desire then their celebration of the praises of their fathers. Hence there is absolutely no proof here that one should shout or dance etc…
4. However on some occasions it is allowed to say some adhkaar loudly such as those that openly manifest a sign from the signs of Islaam for example the talbiyyah for hajj and the takbeer after completing the salaah.
It is in this way that the great Hanafi Imaam, at-Tahaawee reconciles the ahaadeeth commanding one to be silent when performing dhikr and those that say that one should say the talbiyyah for Hajj loudly in his amazing book 'Sharh Mushkil al-Aathaar' [14/491-501]
5. The hadeeth of Abu Musaa, "We were in the company of the Prophet on a journey, and whenever we ascended a high place, we used to say takbeer (in a loud voice). The Prophet said, "O people! Be kind to yourselves, for you are not calling upon a deaf or an absent one, but You are calling an All-Hearer, and an All-Seer." Then he came to me as I was reciting silently, "Laa hawla walaa quwwata illaa billaah." He said, "O 'Abdullah bin Qais! Say: Laa hawla walaa quwwata illaa billaah, for it is one of the treasures of Paradise." Or he said, "Shall I tell you a word which is one of the treasures of Paradise? It is: Laa hawla walaa quwwata illaa billaah."
6. The hadeeth of Abu Musaa, "We were in the company of the Messenger of Allaah (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam). Whenever we went up a high place we used to say the takbeer and tahleel loudly. The Prophet (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam) said, 'O People be merciful to yourselves for you are not calling upon one who is deaf or absent. Indeed He is with you, indeed He Sees and is close."
Ibn Hajr al-Asqalaanee said in Fath al-Baaree [6/166], "at-Tabaree said, 'this hadeeth constitutes evidence that is disliked to raise ones voice when supplicating and performing dhikr, this was the opinion of generality
of the salaf from the Sahaabah and Taabi`een.' …It has preceded in the Book of Prayer from the hadeeth of ibn Abbaas that they used to loudly say the dhikr during the lifetime of the Prophet after they had completed the obligatory prayers. The discussion concerning this has preceded there."
7. While discussing the hadeeth of ibn Abbaas in Fath [2/414] it seems that ibn Hajr determines that the meaning of dhikr in the hadeeth of ibn Abbaas is the takbeer as mentioned in another narration of ibn Abbaas also reported by Bukhaaree and that the first thing the Sahaabah said after completing the prayer was the takbeer.
He also quotes the saying of an-Nawawee that "ash-Shaafi`ee said concerning this dhikr after the salaah that they said it loudly for a short time only for the purpose of teaching the mannerism of the dhikr and they did not persist in doing so. The preferred course is that the Imaam and followers say the dhikr in a low voice unless there exists the need to teach others."
This is what Allaah has allowed me to quickly put together. All the mistakes in it are mine and Allaah and His Messenger are free of.
Allaah Knows best
Was salaam
Abu Rumaysah
Now read brother Abu Rumaysah's reply to a someone who tried to refute this message above.
alhamdulillaah was salaatu was salaamu alaa nabiyyinaa wa habeebinaa muhammad
as salaam u alaikum
> Now to answer Brother Refi, The volumes from Ibn Taymeeyah are
> originally in Arabic and sadly, it is well known that although it
> would be easy to translate it in one way only, the publications issued
> by the Salafis/Wahabi group translate it in one way and certainly not
> our way. No wonder you would not find 'saints' in those translation.
> To bring the matter to further sadness, even Sahi Bukhari and other
> books on ahadith have had interpretations and omitions of ahadith
> crippling the body of Islam of its True self.
>
It is a shame that you resort to mere conjecture devoid of any fact whatsoever. If I had actually relied upon a translation of the paragraphs instead of actually going to the Arabic Majmoo` Fataawaa then maybe your accusation, baseless as it is, may have stood. However I referred to and translated from the Arabic and indeed nowhere in those paragraphs, or the ones preceding or ensuing has ibn Taymiyyah used the word saint. So the question remains: where did the author of your error riddled translation interpolate this word and the remaining sentences from?
Furthermore there is only (until a few months ago) one print and version of Majmoo` Fataawaa which although published by different people coming in different covers etc they all have the same print and page numbers. Therefore any possible accusation of there being a 'Wahhabi version' effectively disappears. A few months ago the new edition of Majmoo` Fataawaa was printed in 29 volumes (as opposes to the current 37) with a new print and takhreej to the ahaadeeth.
Hence if I were to analyze your accusation based upon this example, not to mention many more, then it very quickly becomes clear that it is your superiors who are guilty of false translations and not the other way around.
Finally I do agree with your final point that the translations to all of the hadeeth collections in English are sometimes lacking in accuracy and indeed sometimes omit part of the hadeeth or chapter heading or comment of the author - this is something that is in dire need of rectification and the aid of Allaah is sought. However these do not and cannot cripple the body of Islaam as the detailed Islamic Knowledge is conveyed in Arabic and therefore bad english translations cannot impair the authenticity of the true Islaamic knowledge.
May Allaah guide you and I
was salaam
Abu Rumaysah
A parting note....
alhamdulillaah was salaatu was salaamu alaa nabiyyinaa wa habeebinaa muhammad
as salaam u alaikum
Allaah says, "and perform the dhikr of your Lord in your very soul with humility and without loudness in words in the mornings and evenings and do no be of those who are unheedful." [al-A`raaf (7):205]
When Allaah or His Messenger (sallallaahu ’alayhi wa sallam) speak there is left no need for any other to voice his opinion.
was salaam
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